What's a Torsen differential? How it works?
In this video we will learn the theory behind how it works.
The Torsen works the same as an open differential when the torque applied to both wheels is equal. If one shaft spins faster, it turns a worm gear. This worm gear is connected to the worm gear of the other shaft via spur gears and turns it in the opposite direction, so the two wheels can be made to spin at different speeds when turning.
The inside wheel turns slower, while the other wheel turns faster. This speed difference is dictated by the road, but what happens if the car is not in a turn?
If one of the wheels experiences slip, the gear differential will apply torque to the wheel with grip. This is because there is friction in the differential. There is friction between worm gear and worm gear, between the two worm gears, and between the worm gear and the housing that turns on its own axis. This friction is by design and is why the differential acts as an LSD.
Under load, the gears cannot spin freely. The friction between the gears serves to limit the speed difference between the two wheels. The torque will be biased through the differential. The torque bias ratio depends on the design of the gears and friction points, but can be 4:1, for example. This means that the wheel with more grip can receive 4 times the torque of the other wheel (i.e. 80% vs. 20%).
Advantages of Torsen differential
The advantages of the Torsen LSD are low noise and low maintenance, making it perfect for street cars. You can basically forget about it after you install it. Racing cars are usually very noisy and require a lot of maintenance, and since the drivetrain is put under much more stress than a road car, noise and maintenance aren’t really an issue. The Torsen’s lock characteristics are very linear from zero to maximum lock. The Torsen is very easy to drive and very predictable.
Torsen’s locking characteristics are very linear from zero lock to maximum lock. The Torsen is very easy to drive and very predictable.
Because the working principle of the Torsen differential is based on purely mechanical gear meshing, it can respond instantaneously to wheel speed differences and adjust torque distribution. This instant response capability is particularly important when driving at high speeds or off-road, providing greater control and safety.
Conclusion
In summary, the Torsen differential has become the first choice of many automakers and car owners due to its excellent torque distribution capability, reliable mechanical structure, instant response speed and wide adaptability, especially in situations where high stability and controllability are required.
